Употребите герундий в функции подлежащего.
1. It’s so uncomfortable to sleep on the floor.
2. It’s great to meet old friends.
3. It’s impolite to speak in a loud voice.
4. It’s always useful to think.

Я думаю, что тут скорее всего не герундий, а инфинитив надо в функции подлежащего, но приведу 2 примера с герундием и инфинитивом.

Герундий

1. Sleeping on the floor is so uncomfortable.
2. Meeting old friends is great.
3. Speaking in a loud voice is impolite.
4. Thinking is always useful.

Инфинитив

1. To sleep on the floor is so uncomfortable.
2. To meet old friends is great.
3. To speak in a loud voice is impolite.
4. To think is always useful.

Найдите в предложениях герундий и определите его время, залог и функцию.
1)Mary always dreams about going on holiday.
2)Please, excuse us for waiting too long.
3)My favorite occupation is reading.
4)We are interested in buying these goods.
5)I have three shirts that need washing.

1)Mary always dreams about going on holiday. Simple, Active, дополнение
2)Please, excuse us for waiting too long. Simple, Active,  дополнение
3)My favorite occupation is reading. Simple,  Active, в составе сказуемого
4)We are interested in buying these goods. Simple, Active, дополнение
5)I have three shirts that need washing. Simple, Active, дополнение

Переведите предложения. Выпишите герундий и причастие, укажите вид (participle 1/ participle 2) 1.Timber is a name applied to the cut material derived from trees. 2. He talked without stopping 3. Depending on the kind and composition of the raw materials different types of cement are obtained. 4. Bearing wall construction has been the method of structural design employed from the earliest days. Переведите предложения. Выпишите из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. 1. Every detail of a house must be carefully planned. 2. Concrete can be divided into two classes: mass or plain concrete and reinforced concrete where it is necessary to introduce steel. 3. The concrete should be spread evenly and well rammed into any corners or spaces in the formwork. 4. The engineer should study every major item to determine if it is possible to reduce the cost of the project.

укажите вид (1 причастие/ деепричастие 2) 1. Дерево-это название для отрезка материала, полученного из деревьев. 2. Он говорил без остановки 3. В зависимости от вида и состава сырья, полученных в разных видах цемента. 4. Несущих стеновых конструкций является метод структурного проектирования, используемых с первых дней. Предложения Переведите. Выпишите из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. 1. Каждая деталь дома должна быть тщательно спланирована. 2. Бетон можно разделить на два класса: массовый или обычный бетон и железобетон, где надо вводить стали. 3. Бетон должен быть равномерно и хорошо забивается в любые углы или места в опалубке. 4. Инженер должен изучить каждый крупный элемент, чтобы определить, если это возможно, чтобы снизить стоимость проекта.

1. Timber is a name applied (participle 2) to the cut material derived (participle 2) from trees.
2. He talked without stopping (gerund).
3. Depending (participle 1) on the kind and composition of the raw materials different types of cement are obtained (participle 2).
4. Bearing (adjective) wall construction has been (participle 2) the method of structural design employed (participle 2) from the earliest days.
1. Пиломатериалы - это название нарезанного материала, полученному из древесины.
2. Он говорил без остановки.
3. В зависимости от вида и состава сырья получают различные типы цемента.
4. Конструкция несущей стены была методом структурного проектирования, используемым с самых ранних дней. Переведите предложения.
1. must.
2. can, is necessary.
3. should.
4. should, is possible.
1. Каждая деталь дома должна быть тщательно спланирована.
2. Бетон можно разделить на два класса: неармированный бетон и железобетон, где необходимо присутствие стали.
3. Бетон следует распределять равномерно и хорошо проталкивать во все углы или полости внутри опалубки.
4. Инженер должен изучить каждый важную деталь, чтобы установить возможность снижения стоимости проекта.

Упражнение 1. Образуйте герундий от данных ниже глаголов. Используйте образец. Переведите их.
to fish (рыбачить) – fishing (рыбалка)
to collect (коллекционировать) – collecting (коллекция)
to read (читать) –
to paint (рисовать) –
to watch –
to listen –
to grow –
to build –
to play –
to cook –
to swim –
Упражнение 2. Найдите в предложениях герундий и определите время, залог и его функцию. Переведите предложения.
1. Smoking costs a lot of money.
2. I will call you after arriving at the office.
3. Please have a drink before leaving.
4. I am looking forward to meeting you.
5. Do you object to working late?
6. Mary always dreams about going on holiday.
7. Please excuse us for waiting too long.
8. My favoutite occupation is reading.
9. We are interested in buying these goods.
10. I have three shirts that need washing.
11. They insisted on being sent the results of tests.
12. What is the purpose of his going there?
13. This letter requires signing.
14. I am grateful for his helping me. I am grateful for his having helped me.
15. We thank you for sending us your letter.
16. The house wants repainting.

Упражнение 1. Образуйте герундий от данных ниже глаголов. Используйте образец. Переведите их.
to fish (рыбачить) – fishing (рыбалка)
to collect (коллекционировать) – collecting (коллекция)
to read (читать) – reading (чтение) 
to paint (рисовать) – - painting (рисунок (чаще живопись), рисование (чего-либо)
to watch – watching (наблюдение) 
to listen – listening (слушание) 
to grow – growing (выращивание) 
to build – building (здание, строение) 
to play – playing (игра) 
to cook – cooking (приготовление)
to swim – swimming (плавание) 
Упражнение 2. Найдите в предложениях герундий и определите время, залог и его функцию. Переведите предложения.
1. Smoking (подлежащее, Active) costs a lot of money.  Курение стоит больших денег.
2. I will call you after arriving (дополнение, Active) at the office. Я позвоню Вам после прибытия в офис.
3. Please have a drink before leaving (дополнение, Active). Выпейте перед отъездом.
4. I am looking forward to meeting (дополнение, Active) you. Я с нетерпением жду встречи с вами.
5. Do you object to working  (дополнение, Active) late? Вы против поработать допоздна?
6. Mary always dreams about going (дополнение, Active) on holiday. Мэри всегда мечтает о поездке на отдых.
7. Please excuse us for waiting (дополнение, Active) too long. Простите нас слишком долгое ожидание.
8. My favoutite occupation is reading (дополнение, Active). Мое любимого занятие-это чтение.
9. We are interested in buying  (дополнение, Active) these goods. Мы заинтересованы в покупке этих товаров.
10. I have three shirts that need washing (дополнение, Active). У меня три рубашки, которые нужно постирать. (нуждаются в стирке)
11. They insisted on being sent (дополнение, Passive) the results of tests. Они настаивали на отправке результатов испытаний.
12. What is the purpose of his going (дополнение, Active) there? Какая цель его похода туда? Зачем он туда ходит?
13. This letter requires signing  (дополнение, Active). Это письмо требует подписания.
14. I am grateful for his helping  (дополнение, Active) me. I am grateful for his having  (дополнение, Active, Present Perfect) helped me. Я благодарен за его помощь мне. Я благодарен ему за то, что он  помог мне.
15. We thank you for sending (дополнение, Active) us your letter. Мы благодарим Вас за отправку нам своего письма.
16. The house wants repainting (дополнение, Active). Дом нуждается в перекраске.

Измените данные глаголы на герундий и вставьте подходящие по смыслу формы в предложения внизу. Используйте каждый глагол только один раз. To live можно использовать дважды.
to live, to work, to sing, to have a cup of coffee, to travel, to surf the net, to listen, to be late, to understand, to fight.
1. in the city is more exciting than in the country.
2. to my favorite music makes me happy.
3. for human rights is very important.
4. abroad widens professional outlook
5. You have a very beautiful voice; I love your a lot.
6. This is very sensitive topic: I hope for your.
7. You are never on time. You have to do something with your constant
8. is not the best pastime on a nice summer day
9. is nowadays much faster than 20 years ago.
10. Only in the morning really wakes me up

1. Living in the city is more exciting than in the country. 2. Listening  to my favorite music makes me happy. 3. Fighting for human rights is very important. 4. Travelling abroad widens professional outlook 5. You have a very beautiful voice; I love your singing a lot.6.This is very sensitive topic: I hope for your understanding.7.You are never on time. You have to do something with your constant lating8. Surfing the Net is not the best pastime on a nice summer day9.  Living is nowadays much faster than 20 years ago. 10. Only having a cup of coffe in the morning really wakes me up

В следующих предложениях замените придаточные дополнительные герундием с
предлогом of.
E.g.
She thought she would go to the country for the weekend.
She thought of going to the country for the weekend
1. I thought I would come and see you tomorrow. 2. I am thinking that I shall go out to the country tomorrow to see my mother. 3. What do you think you will do tomorrow? I don’t know yet; I thought I would go on an excursion, but the weather is so bad that probably I shan’t go. 4. I hear there are some English books at our university bookstall now. So you are thinking that you will buy some, aren’t you? 5. I thought I would work in the library this evening, but as you have come, I won’t go there. 6. We were thinking we would plant roses this year. 7. He is thinking that the will learn foreign languages in the near future.

2. I am thinking of going out to the country tomorrow to see my mother. 3. What do you think you will do tomorrow? I don’t know yet; I thought of going on an excursion, but the weather is so bad that probably I shan’t go. 4. I hear there are some English books at our university bookstall now. So you are thinking of buying some, aren’t you? 5. I thought of working in the library this evening, but as you have come, I won’t go there. 6. We were thinking of planting roses this year. 7. He is thinking of learning foreign languages in the near future.

Найдите в предложениях герундий и переведите их на русский язык:
1. We were surprised at hearing of the crime.
2. The witness didn’t remember having seen the man before.
3. My friend likes telling detective stories.
4. My friend likes being told detective stories.
5. Patrolling is one of the preventive methods.

1. Мы были удивлены, услышав о преступлении. Герундий hearing
2. Свидетель не помнил, видел ли  он этого человека раньше. Герундий
having seen
3. Мой друг любит рассказывать детективные истории. Герундий
telling
4. Мой друг любит, когда ему рассказывают детективные истории. Герундий being told
5. Патрулирование является одним из методов профилактики. Герундий patrolling

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму герундия.
1. The kitchen needs (to clean). 2. I am quite serious in (to say) that I don’t want to go abroad. 3. He seemed sorry for (to be) in attentive to his child. 4. She confessed to (to forget) to send the letter. 5. The old man could not stand (to tell) what he should do. 6. Going to the party was no use: he had no talent for (to dance). 7. The Bronze Horseman is worth (to see). 8. After thoroughly (to examine) the student, the professor gave him a satisfactory mark. 9. After thoroughly (to examine) by the examination commission, the student was given a satisfactory mark. 10. She accused him of (to steal) her purse. 11. She reproached me for (not write) to her. 12. This job is not worth (to take). 13. After (to look) throughand (to mark) the students’papers, the teacher handed them back. 14. After (to look) through and (to mark), the papers were handed back to the students. 15. These clothes really want (to wash). 16. He is not accustomed to (to speak) in that way. 17. Excuse me for (to break) your beautiful vase. 18. You never mentioned (to be) to Greece. 19. She was proud of (to win) the cup 20. I don’t remember ever (to meet) your sister. 21. I don’t remember (to ask) this question by anybody. 22. The cat was punished for (to break) the cup. 23. The cat was afraid of (to punish) and hid itself under the sofa. 24. This tax needs (to pay) at once.

1. The kitchen needs cleaning. 2. I am quite serious in saying that I don"t want to go abroad. 3. He seemed sorry for having been inattentive to his child. 4. She confessed to having forgotten to send the letter. 5. The old man could not stand being told what he should do. 6. Going to the party was no use: he had no talent for dancing. 7. The Bronze Horseman is worth seeing. 8. After thoroughly examining the student, the professor gave him a satisfactory mark. 9. After being thoroughly examined by the examination commission, the student was given a satisfactory mark. 10. She accused him of having stolen her purse. 11. She reproached me for not writing (having written) to her. 12. This job is not worth taking. 13. After looking through and marking the students" papers, the teacher handed them back. 14. After being looked through and marked, the papers were handed back to the students. 15. These clothes want washing. 16. David was very glad of having found his aunt. 17. Excuse me for having broken (breaking) your beautiful vase. 18. You never mentioned having been to Greece. 19. She was proud of being awarded the cup of a champion. 20. I don"t remember ever meeting (having met) your sister. 21. I don"t remember being asked this question by an ybody. 22. The cat was punished for having broken the cup. 23. The cat was afraid of being punished and hid itself under the sofa.24. This tax needs paying at once.

Перевести, используя инфинитив/герундий:
1 больше всего она ненавидела, когда ее поучали
2. Она слишком легкомысленна, чтобы принять это всерьез.
3. Я ничего не имею против, чтобы навестить их в выходные.
4. Его не так просто обмануть.
5. Не может быть, чтобы это было сделано за такой короткий срок

1 больше всего она ненавидела, когда ее поучали

She hated being taught most of all

2. Она слишком легкомысленна, чтобы принять это всерьез.

She is too frivolous to take it seriously

3. Я ничего не имею против, чтобы навестить их в выходные.

I don’t mind visiting them this weekend

4. Его не так просто обмануть.

It’s not that easy to deceive him

5. Не может быть, чтобы это было сделано за такой короткий срок

It can’t have been done in so short a time*

Перевести на английский, используя герундий
1. Его обвиняет в грабеже.
2. Я хочу проинформировать вас об их приезде.
3. Она часто проводит время, читая журналы.
4. Я удивлен, что меня спросили об этом.
5. Они не способны лгать.
6. Родители настаивают на том, чтобы я посетил врача.
7. Мы занимаемся разработкой этого проекта.
8. Юноша думал о том, чтобы оставить родной город.
9. Женщина упорно продолжала просматривать бумаги разыскивая необходимые документы.
10. Пожилой мужчина боялся быть прооперированным.
11. Отец взял ребенка за руку, что бы не дать ему упасть.
12. Не обвиняй ее в том что она сделала такую серьезную ошибку.
13. Мы будем настаивать на том, чтобы нам рассказали все.

1. He will be accused in robbering
2. I want to inform you about their coming
3. She often spends time reading
4. I am surprised been asking about it
5. They are not able for lying.
6. Parents insist of visiting a doctor
7. We are developing this project
8. Young man was thinking about leaving city
9. The woman kept on looking for the papers she needed.
10. The old man was afraid of being operated.
11. Father took child’s hand to not to let him fall
12. Dont blame her for making so serious mistake
13. We will insist on telling us everything